589 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
589 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
<!-- page_number: true -->
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----
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# 
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# Une formation par Klafyvel et Nanoy2
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----
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# Qu'est-ce que Django peut faire ?
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----
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# Qu'est-ce que Django peut faire ?
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- coope.rez
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- Re2o
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- Le site de la NASA
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- Blogs
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- ...
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----
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# Qu'est-ce que Django ne peut pas faire ?
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---
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# Qu'est-ce que Django ne peut pas faire ?
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- Rien
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---
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---
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# Généralités sur Python : PIP
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Installation :
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```bash
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sudo apt install python3-pip
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```
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Utilisation :
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```bash
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pip3 install truc # installe truc
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pip3 uninstall machin # vire truc
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pip3 freeze > requirements.txt # Sauvegarde les packages
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# installés
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pip3 install -r requirements.txt # Installe les packages
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# listés dans requirements.txt
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```
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----
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# Généralités sur Python : VirtualEnv
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##### (ou comment ne pas polluer son PC)
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Installation :
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```bash
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pip3 install virtualenv
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```
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Utilisation :
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```bash
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virtualenv env_formation
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source env_formation/bin/activate
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```
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---
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# Généralités sur Python : VirtualEnvWrapper
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###### (réservé aux gens supérieurs sous linux)
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Installation :
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```bash
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pip install --user virtualenvwrapper
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```
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Dans votre `.bashrc`
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```bash
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export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs
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mkdir -p $WORKON_HOME
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source ~/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
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```
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Utilisation :
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```bash
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mkvirtualenv monprojet
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workon monprojet
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rmvirtualenv monprojet
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```
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---
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# Mon premier site : Un blog
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- Écrire des articles
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- Lire des articles
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----
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---
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# Comment démarrer un projet ?
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Virtualenv :
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```bash
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cd là/où/vous/mettez/vos/projets/
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virtualenv env_formation
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source env_formation/bin/activate
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```
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VirtualenvWrapper :
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```bash
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mkvirtualenv env_formation
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```
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Création du projet :
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```bash
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pip install django
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django-admin startproject mon_site
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cd blog
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./manage.py migrate
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./manage.py runserver
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```
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---
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---
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# Comment démarrer un projet ?
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Création de l'application :
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```bash
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./manage.py startapp blog
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```
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Enregistrement de l'application ( dans `mon_site/settings.py` ) :
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```python
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...
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INSTALLED_APPS = [
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'django.contrib.admin',
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'django.contrib.auth',
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'django.contrib.contenttypes',
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'django.contrib.sessions',
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'django.contrib.messages',
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'django.contrib.staticfiles',
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'blog'
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]
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...
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```
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---
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```bash
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(env_formation) klafyvel@batman > ~/mon_site > tree
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.
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├── blog
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│ ├── admin.py
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│ ├── apps.py
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│ ├── __init__.py
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│ ├── migrations
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│ │ └── __init__.py
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│ ├── models.py
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│ ├── tests.py
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│ └── views.py
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├── db.sqlite3
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├── manage.py
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└── mon_site
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├── __init__.py
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├── __pycache__
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│ ├── __init__.cpython-36.pyc
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│ ├── settings.cpython-36.pyc
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│ └── urls.cpython-36.pyc
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├── settings.py
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├── urls.py
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└── wsgi.py
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```
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---
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# L'architecture MVT
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Models Views Templates
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---
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## M comme Model
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Les imports
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```python
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from django.db import models
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```
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---
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## M comme Models
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```python
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class Article(models.Model):
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"""Un article sur mon super site."""
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text = models.TextField(verbose_name="Texte")
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title = models.CharField(
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max_length=255,
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verbose_name="Titre"
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)
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date = models.DateField(
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verbose_name="Date de parution"
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)
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def __str__(self):
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return "'{}' : {}".format(
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self.title,
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self.date
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)
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```
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---
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## Modifier la base de données
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```bash
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./manage.py makemigrations blog
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./manage.py migrate
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```
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---
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## Time to play !
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```python
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./manage.py shell
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>>> from blog.models import Article
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>>> a = Article()
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>>> a
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<Article: '' : None>
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>>> from django.utils import timezone
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>>> a.date = timezone.now()
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>>> a.title = "Un super titre"
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>>> a.text = "Un contenu vraiment très intéressant !"
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>>> a
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<Article: 'Un super titre' : 2018-04-07 12:34:01.509609+00:00>
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>>> a.save()
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```
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---
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## Time to play !
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```python
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>>> b = Article()
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>>> b.title = "Un autre article"
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>>> b.date = timezone.now()
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>>> b.text = "Du contenu"
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>>> b.save()
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>>> Article.objects.all()
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<QuerySet [<Article: 'Un super titre' : 2018-04-07>,
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<Article: 'Un autre article' : 2018-04-07>]>
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```
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```python
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>>> Article.objects.get(pk=1)
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<Article: 'Un super titre' : 2018-04-07>
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>>> Article.objects.order_by('date')
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<QuerySet [<Article: 'Un super titre' : 2018-04-07>,
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<Article: 'Un autre article' : 2018-04-07>]>
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```
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---
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## Time to play !
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```python
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>>> import datetime
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>>> d = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
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>>> b.date += d
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>>> b.save()
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>>> Article.objects.filter(date__lte=timezone.now())
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<QuerySet [<Article: 'Un super titre' : 2018-04-07>]>
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```
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---
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# Mais quand est-ce qu'on affiche quelque chose dans le navigateur ?
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---
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# L'architecture MVT
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## V comme Views
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```python
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from django.shortcuts import render
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from django.http import HttpResponse
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def index(request):
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s = ("Bonjour et bienvenue"
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"sur mon super site trop cool")
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return HttpResponse(s)
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```
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---
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## Routons mes bons
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`blog/urls.py` (à créer) :
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```python
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from django.urls import path
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from . import views
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app_name = "blog"
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urlpatterns = [
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path('', views.index),
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]
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```
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`mon_site/urls.py`:
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```python
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...
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from django.urls import path, include
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urlpatterns = [
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path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
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path('', include('blog.urls')),
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]
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```
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---
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## Lancer le serveur :
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```bash
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./manage.py runserver
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```
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## Tadaaaa :
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---
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## Afficher des données !
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```python
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from django.shortcuts import render
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from django.http import HttpResponse
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from .models import Article
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def index(request):
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articles = Article.objects.order_by('-date')
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s = ("Bonjour et bienvenue"
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" sur mon super site trop cool"
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"\nMes articles :"
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)
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for a in articles:
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s += a.title + "\n"
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return HttpResponse(s)
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```
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---
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## Afficher des données !
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### Votre site :
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### Vous :
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---
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# L'architecture MVT
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## T comme Templates
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Dans `blog/templates/blog/list_articles.html`:
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```html
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<h3>Liste des articles</h3>
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{% for article in articles %}
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<div>
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<h4>{{article.title}}</h4>
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<p>Article écrit le {{article.date}}</p>
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{% endfor %}
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```
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---
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## T comme Templates
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Dans `blog/views.py` :
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```python
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from django.shortcuts import render
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from django.http import HttpResponse
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from .models import Article
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def index(request):
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articles = Article.objects.order_by('-date')
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return render(
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request,
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'blog/list_articles.html',
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{'articles':articles}
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)
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```
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---
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## Votre site :
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---
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## Vous :
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---
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## Étendre un template
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Dans `templates/base.html` :
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Mon super blog</title>
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<meta charset="utf-8"/>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Mon super titre qu'on verra partout</h1>
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{% block content %}{% endblock %}
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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---
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## Étendre un template
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Dans `mon_site/settings.py` (ligne 55):
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```python
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#...
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TEMPLATES = [
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{
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'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
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'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
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'APP_DIRS': True,
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'OPTIONS': {
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'context_processors': [
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'django.template.context_processors.debug',
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'django.template.context_processors.request',
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'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
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'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
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],
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},
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},
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]
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#...
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```
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---
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## Étendre un template
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Dans `blog/templates/blog/list_articles.html`
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```python
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{% extends 'base.html' %}
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{% block content %}
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<h3>Liste des articles</h3>
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{% for article in articles %}
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<div>
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<h4>{{article.title}}</h4>
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<p>Article écrit le {{article.date}}</p>
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{% endfor %}
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{% endblock %}
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```
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---
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## Votre site
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---
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## Exercice : afficher un article
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Objectif :
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---
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## Exercice : afficher un article
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- Créer la vue dédiée (`def view_article(request, pk):`)
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- La remplir (conseil regarder `django.shortcuts.get_object_or_404`)
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- Créer l'url dédiée dans `blog/urls.py` (elle sera de la forme `article/<int:pk>`)
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- Créer le template associé (dans `blog/templates/blog/view_article.html`)
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---
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## Ma solution
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Dans `blog/views.py` :
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```python
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def view_article(request, pk):
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article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=pk)
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return render(
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request,
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'blog/view_article.html',
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{'article':article}
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)
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```
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Dans `blog/urls.py` :
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```python
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path('article/<int:pk>', views.view_article)
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```
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---
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## Ma solution
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Dans `blog/templates/blog/view_article.html`:
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```html
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{% extends 'base.html' %}
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{% block content %}
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<h2>{{article.title}}</h2>
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Publié le {{article.date}}.
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<br/>
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<br/>
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{{article.text}}
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{% endblock %}
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```
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---
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## Tags
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### → Commandes pour les templates
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Exemple : `{% url %}`
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Dans `blog/urls.py` :
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```python
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from django.urls import path
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from . import views
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app_name = "blog"
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urlpatterns = [
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path('', views.index, name="index"),
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path(
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'article/<int:pk>',
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views.view_article,
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name="article"
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)
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]
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```
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---
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## Tags
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Dans `blog/templates/blog/list_articles.html` :
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```html
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{% extends 'base.html' %}
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{% block content %}
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<h3>Liste des articles</h3>
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{% for article in articles %}
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<h4>
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<a href="{% url 'blog:article' article.pk %}">
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{{article.title}}
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</a>
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</h4>
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<p>Article écrit le {{article.date}}</p>
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{% endfor %}
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{% endblock %}
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```
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---
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## Tags
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Dans `templates/base.html` :
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Mon super blog</title>
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<meta charset="utf-8"/>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Mon super titre qu'on verra partout</h1>
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<a href="{% url 'blog:index' %}">
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Retour à l'accueil
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</a>
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{% block content %}{% endblock %}
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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---
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---
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---
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# Site admin
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---
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# Forms
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---
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# Sites intéressants
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- [Le blog Sam et Max](http://sametmax.com)
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- [Article sur virtualenv](http://sametmax.com/les-environnement-virtuels-python-virtualenv-et-virtualenvwrapper/)
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- [Article sur Pip](http://sametmax.com/votre-python-aime-les-pip/)
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- [Un autre article pour comprendre à quel point l'écosystème Python c'est le feu](http://sametmax.com/creer-un-setup-py-et-mettre-sa-bibliotheque-python-en-ligne-sur-pypi/)
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- [La doc de Django](http://docs.djangoproject.com/)
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- [Zeste de Savoir](https://zestedesavoir.com/)
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- [Djangogirl](https://tutorial.djangogirls.org/fr/)
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---
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# Demander de l'aide :
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- Vos Rézo(wo)mens :heart:
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- IRC
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- Telegram
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- Mail
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- Facebook
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- Forums
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- [Zeste de Savoir](https://zestedesavoir.com/)
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- [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/)
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